Typewriting machine



011.8, 1940. R DODGE 2,217,159

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed July 2, 19:59 S SheetS-Sheet 1 Z! KIN n/QOR v y A'II'TORNEY Oct. 8, 1940. R. D. DODGE 2,217,159

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed July 2, 1958 ,6 Sheets- Sheet 2 INVENTOR 5 BY ATTORNEY Oct. 8, 1940. IR.D.DODGEI 2,217,159

. wyrswarrme mcnms Filed July 2, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG. 3.

' INVENTOR ghwrf w 140 Y Y ATTORNEY 1940- R. D. DODGE TYFEWRITING MACHINE Filed July 2, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG INVENTOR ATTORNEY Oct. 8, 1940. v R Q DODGE 7 2,217,159

TYPEWRI'IING momma Filed July 2,1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENT R M4212 BY ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 8,. i940 TYPEWRITING MACHIN E Ronald D. Dodge, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application July 2, 1938, Serial No. 217,204

11 Claims.

This invention relates to typewriting machines and more particularly to improvements invariable spaclng typewriters such as the machine disclosed in application Serial No. 148,270, filed June 5 15, 1937 by Ronald D. Dodge.

In the foregoing Dod ge application there is-disclosed and claimed a power-operated typewriting machine having variable spacing mechanism .by

means of which the carriage of the machine is 10 spaced distances proportional to the widths of the characters typed. There is provided a multiple,

escapement mechanism and selector mechanism for controlling the multiple escapement mechanism to vary the feed of the carriage in accordance with the widths of the upper case characters as well as the lower case characters whereby capital letters and other characters printed by means of a shift movement of the type basket are spaced commensurately with the widths. An 20 indicator'is also disclosed in said application to facilitate the production of justified copy, 1. e., copy in which the right hand margin is even.

This machine was designed primarily for use in the photo-oilset and similar processes of litho- 25 graphy wherein printing plates are made from typewritten copy by employing photography.

In the preparation of typewritten copy for the photo-oflset and other lithographic process there are occasions when it is desirable to space the to printed characters of certain words somewhat more than the bulk of an article or other printed matter. For instance, it is often desirable at the head of a column to capitalize and expand one or more of the opening words for purposes of :5 emphasis or display. In the case of titles, subtitles, headlines, and sub-headlines, and so on, it is often desirable to expand the words either for purposes of emphasis or to expand sub-titles or headlines to make the lines more uniform, to hence, more attractive. This result, of course, can be obtained in a crude way in an ordinary typewriting machine by operating the space bar after each character is printed but this produces an inartistic effect as the letters are then spaced 5 too far apart for good appearance.

The present invention has for its primary object to provide an improvement in typewriting machines of the variable spacing type, in which the characters are spaced according to their widths, to permit increasing the spacing of the characters at will for the purpose of extending a word or line for purposes of artisticness, emphasis, justification, or to make a word or line conform as close as possible to some standard of length.

An object is to provide a variable spacing typewriter with a manual device for controlling the escapement or carriage feed mechanism in such fashion as to modify the normal spacing, as for example, to expand a word or line. 6

While the invention described hereinafter has been designed to cause an increase in the spacing of characters, that is, to efiect expansion of words or lines, it may, by merely rearranging the lugs on the selector bars, be adapted to condensing lines, or to either expanding or condensing lines at will.

Further objects of the instant invention reside in any novel feature of construction or operation or novel combination of parts present in the embodiment of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings whether within or without the scope of the appendedclaims and irrespective of other specific statements as to the scope of the invention contained herein.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a vertical section of apower operated typewriter embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a large scale vertical section showing the shift mechanism.

Fig. 3 is alarge scale plan view of the escapement mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a large scale vertical section on the line 4-4 in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a large scale view of the selector mechanism and shows the position of the parts for normal spacing of upper case characters.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 but shows the position of the parts when lowercase characters are to be typed with increased spacing.

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 5 but with the parts in position to cause the upper case characters to be typed with expanded spacing.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the indicator mechanism. 0

Fig. 9 is a front elevation of the indicator.

Fig. 10 is a vertical section on the line Ill-l0 in Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a detail view of the right hand marginalstop.

Fig. 12 is a large scale detail view of the carriage release mechanism.

Fig. 13 is asection on the line |3l3 in Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a view of the lever to adjust the spacing mechanism.

The drawings illustrate the present invention as applied to the International electric writing machine formerly known as the Electromatic. However, it will be understood that the invention is not limited in application to the specific mapart of chine selected for purposes of illustration but may be applied to other typewriters equally as well, whether manually or power operated. Since the International electric writing machine is now well known in the art and fully described in patents covering the various mechanisms com.-

prising this machine, only a very brief general description will be given of the machine such as cam units i6 which are pivotally mounted on.

rods l1 extending parallel with the power roller 15. There is a cam unit l9 associated with each of the key levers II and each cam unit is connected by a link l8 with a sub-lever i 9 pivoted on rod l2. The sub-levers i9 are connected by links 20 to type bars 2| through the medium of toggles 22. The type bars 21 are pivoted in the usual wire segment 23 provided with a type guide 24 located in front of the platen 25. The platen is, as usual, rotatably mounted in the carriage 29 which is supported on front and rear rails 21 and 28, respectively, by means of suitable antifriction roller trucks. Springs 29 connected to a curved spring anchoring member-30 and to toggles 22 provide means for restoring the toggles and type bars to the normal position shown in v Fig. 1.

When any character key In (Fig. 1) is depressed, its cam unit i5 is caused to operatively engage the power roller IS in a well known way thereby rocking the cam unit l6 clockwise or counterclockwise, according to whether the operative cam unit is pivoted on the left -hand or right hand rod II, respectively. The rocking of the cam unit causes its link iii to be drawn downwardly, thereby rocking the corresponding sub-lever l9 in a clockwise direction. This movement of the sub-lever i9, through the corresponding link 20 and toggle 22, causes the type bar 2i associated with the selected key to rock in a counterclockwise direction to effect the impression of the type upon a work sheet wrapped around the platen 25. The type bar, near the end of its operative stroke, engages the usual universal bar 3i and causes the universal bar to move rearwardly and downwardly in Fig. 1.

The segment 23 is mounted in a frame' 32 which forms part of the type basket. The type basket is movably mountedin the framework of the machine for case shifting movement in a well known way and normally occupies an elevated position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 for the typing of the lower case characters. The shift mechanism for drawing the type basket 32 downwardly to permit the printing of capital letters is described in Patent No. 1,945,097 and is partly shown in Fig. 2.

Secured to the back of the type backet frame 32 (Fig. 2) is a pair of brackets like 33 connected by toggle links 34 to the arms of toggle levers 35 secured on the ends of a shaft 36 journalled in the framework of the machine. Pivoted on a stud 31 is a three-armed lever 38 having two pins 39a, 39b engageable by the short arms of a T-shaped lever 39 which is plvotally, connected at 40 to one arm of a threearmed lever 4!. The latter is pivoted on a stud 4Ia carried by a fixed part of the framework and a spring 4) holds a bent-over. lug on one arm of the lever against a stud 4Ic carried by the framework acting as a stop. The lever 39 is connected by a link 42 to one arm of one of the toggle levers 35'. The T lever 39 has a stud 43 projecting into a slot formed in an arm 44 formed as an extension-of one of the shift key levers. One arm of lever 4| has a link connection 45 to a cam unit, not shown, which is controlled by one of the shift keys. also not shown.

When the shift key is depressed the left hand end of the T lever 39 is elevated to bring one of the short arms thereof to a position to the left of the pin 38a, this movement taking place before the cam unit controlled by the shift key is operatlvely connected to the power roller l5. When the cam unit controlled by the shift key is operated by the power roller I5, the link 45 is drawn downwardly thereby rocking lever 4| in a clockwise direction on stud 4Ia against the tension of spring MD. This draws the T-lever -39 to the right in Fig. 2, thereby, through the engagement of said T-lever with the pin 38a, rocking the lever 38 clockwise. Through the link connection 42, the toggle levers 35 and shaft 39 are rocked in a counterclockwise direction, thereby bending the toggles comprising the links. 34 and the arms of levers 35 and causing the type basket to be drawn downwardly.

The mechanism briefly described above is old and well known in the art.

The escapement mechanism is mounted in a frame casting 46 which is secured to the undersides of the front and rear rails 21, 28 (Figs. 1 to 4). The frame 46 is formed with two parallel struts 46a (see Fig. 3) which support the escapement ratchets which are designated 49, 49, and' 59. Externally threaded sleeves like 5| are loose in aligned holes in the struts 49a and support the rod 52 on which the ratchets 48, 49, and 59 are rotatably mounted. Abutting the end of each sleeve 5! is a thrust washer 53 alongside of which are located the balls 54 of a combination axial and radial thrust bearing of which the outer ball race 55a is integral with a helical pinion 55 secured to a ratchet 56. The pinion 55 meshes constantly with a rack 51 (Figs. 1 and 3) which is secured to theunderside of the carriage 29.

The rear end of the pinion 55 is formed as a ball race (see Fig. 13) in cooperation with balls 58 whereby the pinion 55 and ratchet 56 rotate freely on the rod 52. The latter is relatively fixed in the framework by means of a set screw 59 (Fig. 3) which projects through a slot in the rear sleeve 5|. A similar thrust washer like 53 abuts the end of the rear sleeve 5| to retain balls which freely rotatably mount one end of the hub of ratchet 48 for rotation on the rod 52.

The hub of ratchet 48 is integral with a pinion 69 (Figs. 1 and 3) located adjacent the hub of the ratchet 49. The pinion 50 meshes with one of a pair of inter-meshing pinions 5| rotatably mounted on brackets 62 carried by the ratchet wheel 49 while the other pinion 6| meshes with a pinion 83 which is secured to a pinion 64. The latter meshes with one of a pair of intermeshing pinions 65 like pinions BI and mounted on brackets 65 carried by ratchet wheel 59, while theother pinion 65 meshes with a pinion 51.

Rotatably mounted on the pinion' 61 is a ratchet wheel 68 (Figs. 3 and 13) which is of 2,217,159 the same diameter as the ratchet 68 while secured tothe pinion 81 is a ratchet 69 which is considerably larger in diameter than the ratchets 66, 68. connected for driving purposes by means best shown in Figs. 12 and 13 comprising a dog' 18 pivoted on a stud 1| fixedly mounted on the ratchet wheel 89. The dog 18 normally engages the teeth or the ratchet wheel 68 whereby the ratchet wheel 69 will be rotated in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 12) whenever the ratchet wheel 56 is similarly rotated by letter spacing movement of the carriage. The dog 18 is slotted to embrace a stud 12 carried by a member 13 also pivotally mounted on the stud 1|. 'I'hemember 13 has a lug engaging a stud 14 secured to the side of ratchet wheel 88. A torsion'spring 15, hooked over the end of stud 14 and lying in a groove formed in a collar 16 on the pinion 61 and also anchored to a stud 11 on ratchet 69,

normally tends to rotate the ratchet 68in 'a' counterclockwise direction (Fig. 12).

A spring 15a, anchored to studs 12 and 11, holds the end of dog 18 in engagement with the teeth of ratchet 56.

Movement of the'carriage is eflected, as usual in typewriting machines, by means of a spring drum .18 partly shown in Fig. 3 on which drum is wound the tape 19. The latter passes over a pulley 88 mounted on the rear rail 28 and thence to the right hand end of the rack 51 at which point the tape 19 is secured to the rack. Due to the constant tension produced in the tape 19 by the spring drum 18, the carriage 26 tends to move to the left with reference to Fig. 3. Thus the ratchet 56 always tends to rotate the ratchet 69 and pinion 61 in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 12). This rotational tendency of the pinion 61 is communicated to the ratchet wheels 48, 49, and 58 (Fig. 3) through the train of connections comprising the pinions 68, 6|, 63, 64, 65. Normally, however, this rotational tendency has no efiect so far as movement of the carriage is concerned, because the ratchet wheels 48, 49, and 58 are restrained from rotation by means of the loose dogs 8| (Fig. 4) of the escapement mechanism.

Reverse rotation of the ratchet 69 and pinion 61 is prevented by means of a dog 82 (Fig. 3) pivoted on a stud 83 carried by a plate 84 which is adjustably secured to the rear rail 28. The dog 82 is normally held in engagement with ratchet 69 by a spring 86.

The ratchet wheels 48, 49, and 58 have 27, 36, and 27 teeth, respectively, whereby the amount of feeding movement imparted to the carriage may be varied. Due to the method of interconnecting the ratchet wheels by means of intermeshing pinions, the ratchet wheels 48 and 58 rotate in a direction opposite to the ratchet 49. Assuming for the moment that the ratchet wheels 48 and 49 (Fig. 3) are'fixed and immovable, the pinion 64 will be locked against rotation, therefore, if ratchet wheel 58 is now permitted to rotate one tooth space, one of the pinions 65 will roll around said pinion 64 and, by rotating the other pinion 65, will permit the pinion 81 to rotate in the same direction as the ratchet wheel 58 but twice as much as ratchet wheel 58. Similarly, if the ratchet wheels 48 and 58 are locked and the ratchet wheel 49 is permitted to move, one of the pinions 6| will roll around the pinion 68 and cause pinions 63, 66 to be rotated. The rotation of pinion 64 is communicated to pinion 61 through theintermeshing pinions 65. vAs in The ratchets" 68 and 69 are normally the case of ratchet wheel 68, pinion 81 rotates twice as much'as ratchet wheel 49. However. 'when the ratchet wheels 49 and 68 are held and ratchet wheel 48 rotates, the. same amount of movement will becommunlcated from the ratchet wheel 48 tothe ratchet wheel" through the pinions 6|, 63, 64, 66 acting as idlers. It is 4 possible, however, to permit the ratchet wheels 48, 49, and 58 to rotate in combinations to produce an accumulative effect upon the pinion 65 which, of course, will permit move correspondingly.

Since the ratchet wheel 48 has twentyseven teeth, the pinion 61, and hence the pinion 65, will be rotated & of a revolution whenever the ratchet wheel 48 rotates one tooth space. Onthe other hand, since'the movement of the pinion 61 the carriage to is twice that of the ratchet wheel 49 and the lat-- ter has thirty-six teeth, the pinions Hand 65 will be rotated the equivalent oi A3 '01. a revolu-' .tion of the ratchet wheel 49. Likewise, the ratch et wheel 58 having twenty-seventeeth, pinions 61 and 55 will be rotated 9& oiiarevolution .oi' the ratchet wheel 58. Reducing these'fractionsto a common denominator of 84,.1twill' be seen that the movements of pinions 61*a'nd 66'pro'duce'd by". the ratchet wheels 48, 49, 68am %l,'k% --and 3 of a revolution, respectively," pe'r tooth space on the respective ratchet wheels. The gearing is so designed and the spacing of'the teeth on their ratchet wheels has been so selected that'ratchet I wheel 48 causes the carriage to move two units of spacing, ratchet wheel 49 and ratchet wheel 58 four units of spacing. .1

It is thus possible to'secure '7 different spacingsv of the carriage which, in terms to units oi carthree units of spacing,

riage spacing, are as follows:-2, 8,'4, 5, 6, 1, 9.

Thus the spacing of the carriage can be accommodated to seven'diflerent widths of letters ii.

necessary. The means by which the escapement wheels 48, 49, 58 are selectively controlled will be described in the following paragraphs.

The rotation of the escapement ratchet wheels 48, 49, 58 is controlled by means of three dog rocker mechanisms which are selectively controlled by power operated selecting mechanism. Fig. 4 shows the dog rocker mechanism-for the ratchet wheel 49. Each dog rocker mechanism includes a dog rocker plate 186 which is pivotally mounted on vertically aligned conical studs I81 screwed into threaded holes in two parallel and horizontal portions 46b of the frame 46. The conical points of the studs are seated in conical holes in lugs formed inthe dog rocker plate 186. Pivoted on a shoulder on a stud I88 carried by the rocker plate I86 is the usual loose escapement dog 8|, mentioned hereinbefore, which is actuated by a spring I89 so as to beurged in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. .4). The left hand end of the dog 8| engaging one of the teeth of the ratchet 49, however, is heldin the position of Fig. 4 owing to the tension of'the spring drum 18 (Fig. 3) beingsreater than the tension of the spring 189 (Fig. 4) whereby the dog 8| is forced against a resilient stop 80 mounted on an arm III which is rotatably secured to the side oi the rocker plate 186 by means of the stud I88. The shoulder on stud I88, on which the dog 81 is loose, permits the arm ill to be secured to the plate I86 without binding the dog. The upper-left hand portion of the arm III is provided with a bent-over lug against which bears an adjusting screw H2 carried by a lug formed in the rocker plate I86. By turning the screw H2 in one direction or another, the arm III may be rotatably adjusted about the stud I06 as a pivot. The dog rocker plate I06 (Fig. 3) is provided with a'lug I06a. which is substantially in horizontal alignment with the left end of the dog 3| but does not normally engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel 46.

When the rocker plate I06 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 3), the lug M611 is moved into the tooth space occupied by the dog 6| before said dog is moved free of the ratchet wheel 49 whereby when the dog ultimately clears the teeth of the ratchet wheel 49, the latter is permitted to rotate counterclockwise a fraction of a tooth space in Fig. 4. The spring I09 then rocks the dog 6I in a counterclockwise direction until said dog strikes a resilient stop I Ib mounted on the arm III. The stops IIOa, IIOb on arm III are so spaced that the end of dog 6i assumes a position in horizontal alignment with the next lower tooth space of ratchet wheel 49.

when the plate I06'is restored to the position of Fig. 3, the end of dog 6.I is moved into the path of the next lower tooth on ratchet wheel 49 before the lug I060 clears the teeth in ratchet 49. When the lug I06a finally clears the teeth in the ratchet 49, the latter will be permitted to rotate in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 4) the remainder of a tooth space, thereby bringing the end of dog 6! back against the resilient. stop 041. Thus, by giving the plate I06 one complete oscillation the escapement ratchet 49 is permitted to turn one full tooth space. I

The rocker plate I06 (Figs. 3 and 4)' is formed with a lug II4 which extends between two resilient stops H50, H51; mounted on arms 60, II6b, respectively, which arms are adjustably pivoted in scissors fashion on one of the conical stud I I01. The stops II5a, .I I5b, being located on opposite sides of the lug II4, adjustably limit the oscillatory movements of the plate I06 on .the studs I01 as pivots. Plates II6a, Ilib are secured to frame 46 by means of bolts I I6c.

Similar mechanism is provided for the other two ratchet wheels 46,50 but, owing to the fact that these two ratchet wheels rotate in a direction opposite to the ratchet wheel 49, the rocker plates I06 for the ratchet wheels 48,- 50 are in effect inverted. Normally, the plates I06 are held by springs II! with their lugs II4 abutting the stops II 5a, as best shown in Fig. 3, with all of the dogs 8| engaging the teeth of their respective ratchets. Springs II! are anchored to lugs formed in plates I06 and to a bracket secured to frame 46.

The rocker plates I06 are selectively and combinationally operated through power operated mechanism controlled by the keys I0 which selecting mechanism 'now will be described.

Rigidly mounted on brackets II6 (Figs. 1 and 2) secured to the lower edges of the sides of the base I4 is a rod I I9 which is steadied at its midpoint by extending through a slot in a bracket I secured to the frame I2I which supports the case shift mechanism and the type basket by means not shown. Pivotally mounted on the rod I I9 are selector bars I22 which extend forwardly and horizontally to points underneath the cam units I6. There is a selector bar I22 for .each cam unit I6 and its key. Since the cam units I6 are arranged in two rows on opposite sides of the power roller I5, the bars I22 are madein two lengths which alternate on the rod II9, the shorter bars I22 being interspersed with the lon er bars. Each of the selector bars I22 has a link connection I23 with an extension I24 formed as part of one of the side frames supporting the cams and release mechanism of the cam units I6. Thus. whenever a cam unit is operated in consequence of the depression of any key I0, one

of the selector bars I22 (Figs. land 4) is rocked in a counterclockwise direction.

The selector bars I22 are provided with one or more lugs like I22a in one or more of twelve possible positions as shown in Figs. 2 and 5 to 7, inclusive. Each lug is designed to be engageable under certain circumstances with one of three bails which selectively control the operation of the escapement mechanism. Each bail comprises a tube I25 mounted on side arms I26 (Figs. 1, 2, and 5 to 7) which are pivotally mounted on studs I21. These studs are carried by arms I26 the hubs of which are rigidly mounted on and'near the ends of a shaft I29. This shaft is rotatably mounted on arms I30a. secured to a shaft I30 (Figs. 2 and 5 to 7) The shaft I30 is rotatably mounted in the base I4 of the machine. The lugs I22a are so disposed along the length of the selector bars I22 that one or more of the balls comprising tubes I25 and arms I26 will be rocked counterclockwise about studs I21 as a pivot whenever the bars I22 are operated in consequence of the depression of a key I0.

The bars I22 are guided near the mid-points of the longer bars and adjacent the ends of the shorter bars by means of a comb I3I which is se- 30 cured to the lower edges of the base .I 4. Adjacent the rod II9, the bars I22 are guided by a comb I32 which is formed with side arms I32a. attached to hubs fixedly mounted on the rod I I9.' Plvotally mounted on the rod II9 near the center of 34 the machine are three levers I33, I34, I35 which extend forwardly or to the right (Figs. 2 and 5 to 7) to overlie the tubes I25. The levers I34, I35

are curved downwardly at their forward ends whereby lever I34 may be operated only by the central tube I25 and the lever I35 only by the right hand tube I25. The right hand end of the lever I33 is straight and is operated only by the left hand rod tube. It will be seen that each time one of the selector bars I22 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 2) one or more of the levers I33, I34, I35 will be similarly rocked about rod II9 as a pivot.

The clockwise restoring movement of the bails including the tubes I25 and arms I26 is limited by means of two brackets like .I36 (Figs. 1, 2, and 5) secured to the inside faces of the base I4. Each bracket I36 extends horizontally underneath the arms I26 and is provided with a resilient facing I36 of material such as leather'and each of the arms I26 rests on the top surface of the adjacent resilient facing I36. The tubes I25 are held upwardly slightly clear of the lugs- I22a. by the resilient facings. I36 whereby the clicking. noise which would result if arms- I26 were to directly strike the brackets I36 is silenced.

Each of the levers I33, I34, I35 (Fig. 2) extends rearwardly or to the left of the rod H9 and these levers support arms I39, I40, I (see Fig. 4 also) which are pivoted on studs I42 carried by the levers I33, I34, I35, respectively. Each of the arms I39, I40, I has a bent-over lug I43 which cooperates with the upper edge of the rear end of the corresponding lever I33, I34; I35 and these lugs are normally held in contact with said levers by means of torsion springs I44 interposed between pins carried by the arms I39, I40, I and pins carried by the levers I33, I34, I35. The levers are urged in a clockwise direction by means of springs I45 anchored to pins carried by said 1 levers and ear formed in bracket I20. The arms I39, I40, I have link connections I46 to arms I41, I48, I49, respectively, (Figs. 3 and 4) which are pivotally mounted on the front sides of the rocker plates 106 of the several escapements. It is evident that when one or more of the levers I34, I35, I36 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 2) one or more of\the links I46 will be drawn downwardly thereby rocking the corresponding arms I41, I48, I49 downwardly, or clockwise in Fig. 4, which shows only the arm I48 for the middle escapement mechanism.

Secured to the rear end of frame 46 (Figs. 2 and 3) is a bracket I50 having a horizontal slot into which extends a stud |5I on a bar I52. This bar at its forward end is pivotally connected to one arm of a bell crank I53 pivotally mounted on a bracket I53a secured to frame 46. The bell crank I53 has a link connection I54 to.the movable frame including the universal bar 3|. A spring I55, anchored to a pin carried by the bar I52 and to a pin carried by the bracket I50 holds the bar I52 in the rearward or retracted position shown in Figs. 2 and 3. In order to permit the bar I52 to move to the right in Fig. 2, or forwardly in Fig. 3, independently of the universal bar 3I, the link I54 has a slotted connection to the universal bar frame. The bar I52 through most of its length is L-sliaped in vertical section and on the top surface of the horizontal portion of said bar there is secured three screw studs I56 located in the rear of and slightly.

below (see Fig. 4 also) the ends of the arms I41, I48, I49, respectively, whereby the bar I52, if operated alone, will not affect any of the arms I41, I48, I49.

With the bails comprising tubes I25 and arms I26 in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2, depression of any key I0 causes the corresponding cam unit I6 to be rocked by the power rolfer I5 in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, according to whether the operative cam unit is in the left hand or right hand row, respectively, thereby rocking the corresponding bar I22 in a counterclockwise direction and at the same time operating the corresponding type bar 2|. Through the intermediary of one or more of the lugs I22a in positions 3, 1, and II,- the'bar I22 which corresponds to the key depressed will be rocked in a counterclockwise direction thereby similarly rotating one or more of the balls comprising the tubes I25 and arms I26. One or more of the levers I33, I34, I35 and their corresponding arms I39, I40, I4I will be rocked in the same direction thereby, through links I46, rocking the corresponding arms I41, I48, I49 downwardly or clockwise in Fig. 4. The' operated arms I41, I48 or I49 are then brought into the path of movement of the studs I58, this operation taking place before the operated type bar strikes the universal bar 3|. bar I22 for the A key I0, shown in front in Fig. 2, has a lug I22a in position II whereby only the lever I33, arm I39, and arm I41 are operated with the parts in the'positions shown in Fig. 2. a

When the type bar ultimately strikes the universal bar 3|, the latter is moved rearwardly or to the left in Fig. 2 thereby, through the link,

I54, rocking the bell crank I53 clockwise. This results in the bar I52 moving forwardly (Fig. 3) or to the right (Fig. 2). Those of the arms I41, I48, I49 which have been drawn downwardly will be engaged by the corresponding studs I56 and, as a result, the rocker plates I06 connected to For example, the

said arms will be rocked counterclockwise in Fig. 3.

Upon the restoration of the type bar, the bar I52 is restored by spring I55 to the position of Figs. 2 and 3, this operation taking place during the first part of the restoring movement of the type bar and is completed by the time the type bar has receded a short distance from the printing point. With continued restoring movement of the type bar, the balls comprising tubes I25 and arms I26,and the operated levers and arms I33, I34, I35 and I39, I40, I, respectively, will be restored to the position of Fig. 2 thereby restoring the operated arms I41, I48, I49 to the position shown in Fig. 4. It will thus be seen that one or more of the escapement ratchets I48, I49, I50 will be operated each time a type bar 2| is operated with the result that the carriage will be permitted to move a distance depending upon the spacing of the teeth in the operative escapement ratchets 48, 49, 50.

The description up to the present time has assumed that the-type basket is in elevated position to cause the lower case characters to be 1 printed. Many of the upper case letters of the I22a as may be in positions I, 5, and9 on selector bars I22 as shown in Fig. 5.

An arm I51 (Fig. 2) is secured to the shaft I29 and-has a link connection I58 to an arm I59 secured to the shaft 36 which it will be recalled is rocked counterclockwise each time the type basket 32 is drawn downwardly to the upper case position. Whenever the type basket is shifted to the upper case position, arm I59 is rocked counterclockwise thereby, through the link I58, rocking arm I51, the shaft I29, and the arms I28 in a clockwise direction. The bails comprising tubes I25 and arms I26 are thus drawn rearwardly, or to the left in Fig. 2, to re-position the rods to register with lugs. I22a, I220, I22e.'

In most cases the spacing of the characters is increased when the upper case characters are printed. However, this may not be invariably the case as the extreme left hand or rear row of keys (Fig. 1) often contains combinations of characters such as parentheses and numerals which may require that the spacing be reduced for the characters printed with an accompanying upper case shift movement.

The space bar I0b controls a cam unit I6b (Fig. 1). This cam unit, through a link like IBa, operates a lever like I60 and a link like I6 I (Figs. 3 and 4) connected to an arm "I secured to a shaft I12 (see Fig. 2 also) which is rotatably mounted in frame I 2|. The lever I60 and link I6I shown in Fig. 1 actually operates the back space mechanism (not shown) controlled by the back space key I011. The connections for the space cam unit I6b are the same. Alsosecured to shaft I12 is an arm I13 (see Fig. 4 also) which extends upwardly to one side of the plane of the lever I53 and has a pin I14 extending into the plane of lever I53. A spring I15 connected t0 the arm I13 and to a fixed part of the framework, holds the lever I13 in the position of Fig. 2. When the'space bar ND is depressed, its cam unit l8b causes the lever I58 to which the link I6I is connected to rotate in a clockwise direction, thereby drawing link I6I toward the front of the machine in consequence of which the arm I13 is rocked counterclockwise in Fig. 2 to first bring pin I14 in engagement with lever I53 and thereafterrock said lever in a clockwise direction. This causes the bar I52 to move to the right (Fig. 4). There is a selector bar I22b (Fig. 2) associated with the space bar cam unit IIb and this selector bar operates the bail 'I25-I28 which controls the arm I41 causing the latter to be drawn downwardly. It will be noted in Fig. 2 that the .pin I14 under normal conditions is located far enough away from the lever I53 to allow ample time for the arm I41 to be drawn downwardly into the path of the associated stud I55 before bar I52-moves.

In order to effect the expansion of words, there is secured upon the shaft I30 an arm I16 (Figs.

2 and 14) by means of which said shaft may be rotated in a counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 2). The shaft I 30 extends through a hole in the base I4 on the right side thereof, as one faces the keyboard, whereby the lever I18 will be easily within reach of the operator's right hand. Secured to the side of the base I4 is a plate I11 havingtwo bent-over lugs I11a, I11b, which limit the rocking movements of lever I16 and shaft I30. A toggle spring I18, hooked around pins carried by lever I16 and the plate I11, respectively, is operative to hold the lever I16 in engagement with one or the other of lugs I11a, I11b. The alternate positions of the lever I16 are designated in Fig. 14 by the captions "Normal and Expand.

When the lever I16 is in engagement with lugs I11a, the balls comprising tubes I and arms I26 will take the position shown in Fig. 2 in which the tubes I25 are in registry with the lugs I22a in the positons 3, 1, and II for the lower case characters. cooperation with the lugs in positions I, 5, and 9 when the'type basket is shifted to upper case position as shown in Fig. 5. When the machine is operated with lever I16 in the Normal position, the characters will be variably spaced on the work sheet exactly as in the case of the machine disclosed in the Dodge application, 1. e., the characters will be printed as close together as is consistent with good appearance and legibility.

When the lever I16 is shifted to the Expand" position (Fig. 14) so as to engage lug I11b, shaft I30 will be rocked counterclockwise (Fig. 2) approximately 30 thereby re-positioning the balls comprising tubes I25 and arms I26 to cooperate with lugs in the positions 4, 8, and I2, as in Fig. 6, or the positions 2, 6, and I0, as in Fig. '7, on the selector bars I22 according to whether the type basket is positioned to print the lower case characters or the upper case characters. The lugs on theselector bails I22 are so disposed that every character will receive an additional spacing when the lever I16 is set in the Expand position. For

. instance, the letter A, instead of receiving the normal four units of spacing in the lower case, will receive five units of spacing. When the upper case A is printed, instead of being spaced five units, the normal spacing, it would be spaced six units. Similarly, the other characters may be expanded by one or more units according to their widths. This relatively small increase of spacing is not enough to make the words 1001;

The tubes I25 will be brought into unnatural yet is enough for purposes of emphasis or display.

In order to permit justification to be accomplished, an improved justiflcation indicator is provided for measuring and. indicating the amount each line is typed short of or beyond the right hand margin. This indicator is shown in Figs. 8 to 11, inclusive. Secured to the front cover plate I90 (Figs. 1, 8 to 10) is a semi-circular dial plate I9I which is spaced from the cover plate by means of blocks I92; The dial plate I9l hasits outer edge graduated at intervals equivalent to one unit of spacing, i. e., the theoretical unit of the carriage. In the machine disclosed herein the unit of feed movement of the carriage is .022" although the smallest feed which it is possible to obtain is two units or .044. The dial I9I has an arbitrary zero mark which corresponds to the desired right hand marginal position of the carriage. Secured in a hole in the dial plate I9I is aball race I93 in which is rotatably mounted on balls I94 a stub shaft I95. A washer I95a and lock nut l95b on a threaded portion of shaft I95 hold the stub shaft and balls I94 .in their proper relation.

Integral with the stub shaft I95 is a pointer I96 and a gear I91. The pointer I96 is located behind the dial plate I9I in the space between the dial plate and front cover plate I90. When the carriage is in the right hand marginal position the pointer extends directly upwardly to a point above the upper edge of the dial printing where the pointer is bent U-shaped so as to have a downwardly projecting portion I96a in the plane of the dialplate, but not quite touching the edge'thereof. In this position the pointer coincides with the zero mark on the dial. By constructing the dial plate and pointer in this fashion the effect of parallax is avoided.

Secured on the front plate I90 is a stud I98 on which is rotatably mounted, by means of balls I99, a hub 200 constructed somewhat similarly to the ball race I93. The stud I98 has a shoulder I980 which retains the right hand row of balls I99, while a washer 20I on the stud I98 retains the left hand row of balls I99. Two lock nuts 202, on a threaded portion of the stud I98, in cooperation with the washer 20I, prevents the hub 200 from slipping off the end of stud I98. Secured to the hub 200 is a gear sector 203 meshing with the gear I91.

The gear sector 203 is operated by the carriage in its movement through a train of connections to the right hand marginal stop which is designated 204 in Figs. 1, 8, and 11. The marginal stop 204 is adjustably mounted on the marginal stop rack 205 which is secured in the carriage end plates 26.

A square rod 206 (Figs. 1, 8, and 11) is slidably -mounted in square holes in brackets 201 secured to the rear rail 29. Rigidly mounted on the right hand end of the rod 206 is a plate 208 projecting upwardly into the path of the right hand marginal step 204. The left hand end of the rod 206 is flattened at 206a. to provide a relatively broad, but thin, bearing shaped like the blade of a hatchet, engaging a pin 209a on an arm 209 secured to a shaft 2 I0. This shaft is journaled in brackets 2 I I, 2I2 secured to the underside of the rear rail 28 and the frame I3, respectively. Secured to the forward end of the shaft 2I0 is an arm 2I3 connected by a link 2 to the gear sector 203. Y

With reference to Fig. 8, it is evident that during the movement of the carriage to the left to type a line, the right hand marginal stop 2 will strike plate 208 and move rod 206 to the left with the carriage. Through the train of connections including arm 209, shaft 2"), arm M3, and link 2, the gear sector 203 will be rocked counterclockwise (Fig. 9) thereby rotating the indicator pointer I96 clockwise in that figure.- The pointer starts to turn when the carriage is thirty units short of the right hand marginal position, that is, within .66" of the right hand marginal position. This is, of course, arbitrary as the unit of spacing, the point of becoming operative of the indie cator,. and the number of scale divisions may be changed as desired.

Clockwise rotation of the pointer I96 by the carriage in its letter spacing movement is resisted by a spiral spring 2l5 (see Figs. 8 and 10 also) anchored to the gear I91 to a bracket M6 secured to the rear face of plate I90. This spring restores the pointer when the carriage is returned and holds the pointer I96 against the left hand spacer block l9! (Fig. 9) when the carriage is more than thirty units away from the position denoted by the mark on dial !9 I. Spring 2| 5 also restores the train of mechanism between the marginal stop 204 and the pointer l 36.

The typist will, in making the preliminary draft of the matter to be justified, set the marginal stops so that the left hand marginal stop is exactly in the left hand marginal position, while the right hand stop is set as near to ten units of spacing to the right of the desired right hand marginal position as the relatively coarse teeth on the marginal stop rack will permit. The typist now types the first line, taking pains to terminate the first line as close as possible to the position of the carriage corresponding to the zero mark on dial [9L At the end of the line, the typist notes the reading of the indicator and types on the same line the number of units the carriage is short of, or typed beyond, the marginal position. The same procedure is followed for subsequent lines, in each case the typist taking pains to terminate the line as close as possible to the margin. The numbers typed at the end of each line are subsequently used to justify the lines by increasing the spacing between words if the line is short, or decreasing the spacing if the line is too long.

The space bar IUD, through its selector bar I22, causes the carriage to be spaced four units or .088" for each depression thereof. The back space mechanism, not here described, causes the carriage to be back spaced only one unit, as in the Dodge application. This makes it possible to vary the spacing between words by small amounts, more or less, than the normal amount of four spaces, by manipulating the space bar lb and the back space key Illa (Fig. 1) in various combinations. Thus, if a line is found to terminate three units short of the margin, a-unit can be added to the three spaces between the first four words, in retyping the draft, by operating the space bar twice'and the back space key three times for each original space. This causes the first four words to be spaced from each other by five units instead of four. The remainder of the since the effect produced by the selecting mechanism controlled by the keys is to increase the spacing of each character by one unit when the lever is in Expand position. All the operator has to do is to note at the end of ,each line, in writing the first draft, the number of units each typed line is'short of the marginal position. In retyping the draft, the lever I16 may be set to Expand" and the first few words of the line retyped with increased spacing until as many key operations have been made as/the number of units of spacing the line is short. Thus, if the original draft shows the line tobe ten units short, in retyping the draft, the first ten key operations may be made with lever H6 in Expand position.

Preferably this should be done near the middle of a line in order that the increased spacing of certain words will be less noticeable.

This method of justification is superior to the practice of increasing the spacing of uniformly spaced characters, now commonly found in commercial justifying typewriters as the characters are still spaced proportionately to their widths and the spacing of most characters will still be less in the aggregate than in the more common method of justifying lines of evenly spaced characters because, in a. typewriter spacing the characters according to their widths, the spacing of most characters is very considerably less than the standards of one tenth of an inch for a pica machine and one twelfth for an elite machine. Thus the small letter i is spaced .044" or two units by the machine described herein and the addition of a unit brings this spacing to .066" which is still only two thirds of the standard pica spacing of one tenth of an inch. The letter A, upper case, is spaced four units or .088" and the addition of a unit makes the'spacing only .110

only slightly greater than pica spacing.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a single embodiment, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention therefore to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. In a variable spacing typewriter, variable escapement mechanism, key controlled selector forv further controlling the selector mechanism to change the effect on the escapement mechanism of the selector mechanism for both the lower and .upper case characters.

2. In a variable spacing typewriter, character keys, variable escapement mechanism, a series of selector bars, one for each character key, means to actuate the selector bars under control of their respective keys, escapement controlling means cooperating with the selector bars and combinationally selectively controlled by the selector bars, shift mechanism, means connected to the shift mechanism for changing the cooperative relation between the selector bars and the escapement controlling means whereby to change the combinational selective control exercised by the selector bars on the escapement controlling means upon a shift operation, and separate manually controlled shifting means for further changing the combinational selective control of the escapement controlling means by the selector bars.

3. In a variable spacing typewriter, character keys, multiple escapement mechanisms, each for effecting a different value of. escapement, a series of selector bars, each corresponding to and con-- trolled by one of the character keys, each selector bar having one or more lugs in one or more of a series of positions, a series of balls cooperating with the selector bars whereby one or more of the bails is operated by each selector bar when the corresponding key is operated, connections between the balls and escapement mechanisms whereby each bail controls one of the escapement mechanisms, shift mechanism, means connected to the shift mechanism for displacing the bails relative to the bars to change the effect of the selector bars on the bails upon a shift operation, and a supplemental shift control for said bails to shift the bails into cooperation with either of two diiferent sets of lugs on said bars according to the initial position of the balls as determined by the shift mechanism.

4. In a variable spacing typewriter, variable escapement mechanism, character keys, a type basket, case shift mechanism for the type basket; selecting mechanism controlled by the keys for selectively controlling the operation of the variable escapement mechanism, including. selector bars associated with and controlled by the keys and a plurality of elements cooperating with said bars and selectively shiftable to a plurality of.

positions relative to the selector bars, and two escapement shift mechanisms for effecting such relative shifting movement, one of said escapement shift mechanisms being automatic and controlled by the type basket shift mechanism, the other escapement shift mechanism being manually preset and modifying the effect of the first-- named escapement shift mechanism.

5. In a variable spacing typewriter, selectively operable escapement mechanism, typing means, character keys, means controlled by the keys for operating the typing means; selector means operated by the type bar operating means for selectively controlling the escapement mechanism, said selector means including a series of selector bars and a series of members extending transversely of the selector bars so as to be responsive to movement of the selector bars, each of said selector bars being adapted to operate said members singly or in combination, said bars and said members being relatively shiftable to change the effect of said bars on said members, case shift mechanism having connections: to effect said relative shifting movement, and a second and separate shift mechanism for changing the relation of the bars to said members.

6. In a variable spacing typewriter, a carriage, typing means, keys for controlling the typing means, selectively operable carriage feed mechanism for feeding the carriage variable extents according to the widths of the characters typed, selecting means controlled by the keys for selectively operating the carriage feed mechanism,

said selecting means being selectively settable to effect four different degrees of feed of the carriage, each degree of feed being variable according to the widths of characters typed, case shift mechanism operative to select two of the degrees of feed, and a manual control device for selecting one or the .other of the remaining two degrees of feed according to the selection effected by the case shift mechanism.

7. In a variable spacing typewriter, a plurality of escapement mechanisms, each for a different spacing; character keys, selector elements controlled by the keys, a series of members cooperatingwith the selector elements and operable thereby in various combinations, each member having a connection to one of the escapement mechanisms to render-the associated escapement mechanism operative, manual means for shifting said elements and'members relative to each other to change-the effect of the selector elements on said members, case shift mechanism, and means whereby the selector elements are further shifted relative to said members automatically as an incident to a case shift operation.

8. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a carriage, typing means comprising a series of type bars, a continually operating power roller common to all the type bars, cam units each connected to a type bar and adapted to be selectively engaged with the power roller to operate the type bar, keys for selectively engaging the cam units with the power roller, a

series of selector bars each associated with a key and having a connection to the corresponding cam unit whereby the selector bars are operated each time the corresponding cam unit is operated, a series of escapement mechanisms with means interconnecting said escapement mechanisms and said carriage, means common to the escapement mechanisms and normally disengaged therefrom for operating said escapement mechanisms, means individual to each escapement mechanism for coupling the escapement mechanisms to the operating means, means whereby the selector bars operate the coupling means combinationally, and manual means for changing the effect of the selector bars on the coupling means.

9. In a machine of the class described; typing means, power mechanism for operating the typing means, keys for selectively controlling the power means,'selector bars one for each key and having an operative connection to the power means whereby one of the selector bars is operated whenever a corresponding key is operated, multiple escapement mechanisms connected to the carriage, means operated by said selector bars for operating the multiple escapement mechanismscombinationally to vary the feed of the carriage in proportion to the width of the character corresponding to a selected key, and manual means for changing the effect of the selector bars on the last named means.

10. In a machine of the class described, the.

means for charming the eilect of the selecting mechanism.

11.1n a machine 01' the class described, the combination with a carriage, a series of escapement ratchets, diilerential gearing interconnecting said ratchets in said carriage, a plurality of dog rockers ea'ch associated with one of said 'ratchets and having escapement dogs, typing means. keys for controlling the typing means, a

"universal bar operated by the typing means, a

slide common to the dog rockers and having a connection to the universal bar whereby said slide is moved longitudinally each time a charm.- ter is typed; interponents, each pivotally mounted on one of said rockers and movable into engagement with said slide; selector mechanism for moving said interponents intoengagement with said slide for operation thereby, power means controlled by said keys for operating the selector means each time the character is typed. and manual means for varying the effect of the selector mechanism.

' RONALD D. DODGE. 

